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Mediterranean Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
https://ppj.org.ly/article/6a67a4eea9539510ef6efdc2

Mediterranean Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Original article Pharmacology

Estradiol hormone and oxidative stress markers in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Ahmed H. AL-Hamdani

Mediterr J Pharm Pharm Sci, Ahead of Print, 2026
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Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaceted metabolic and endocrine disorder affecting the female reproductive stage, characterized by infertility, anovulation, polycystic ovaries, insulin resistance, and obesity. Neuroendocrine alterations, genetics, lifestyle, and environmental pollutants are among the danger issues that contribute to PCOS in women. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate estradiol hormone (E2 and explore the grade of oxidative stress status in PCOS patients by measuring oxidant/antioxidant markers (Malondialdehyde MDA, peroxynitrite ONOO-, and Glutathione GSH) in their sera. The current study included 96 women consists of 40 healthy volunteers, fertile women without PCOS, as the control group, and 56 PCOS patients who were divided into subcategories according to their BMI and age. In this study, a significant elevation of estradiol E2 and oxidant markers MDA and ONOO-) was observed among PCOS patients in contrast with non-PCOS, whereas the antioxidant marker GSH was decreased in PCOS patients. The effect of BMI within PCOS patients showed a significant elevation of E2 and oxidant biomarkers in obese PCOS, while GSH showed a significant decline as compared to non-obese PCOS. The outcomes show that the levels of E2, MDA, and ONOO- are significantly elevated with increasing age; however, GSH significantly drops.

Keywords

Estradiol, glutathione, malondialdehyde, peroxynitrite, polycystic ovary syndrome, oxidative stress

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Submitted date:
05/03/2026

Reviewed date:
07/20/2026

Accepted date:
07/27/2026

Publication date:
07/27/2026

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