Aqueous extract of Hybanthus enneaspermus exhibited aphrodisiac potentials in fluoxetine-induced sexually-impaired female rats
Muhammad A. Dikwa, Muhammed R. Asinmi, Mansurat B. Falana, Quadri O. Nurudeen, Musbau A. Akanji
Abstract
Hybanthus enneaspermus, traditionally used as an aphrodisiac was investigated for its potential to reverse antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction in female rats. The aqueous extract was evaluated for secondary metabolite, amino acid and mineral constituents. Alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, anthraquinones, steroids, terpenoids, phenolics, calcium, potassium, sodium, glutamine and leucine are some of its notable constituents. 60 healthy, sexually responsive female albino rats (144.7±5.9 gm) were divided into six groups (A-F) of 10 rats each; of which 50 were induced into sexual dysfunction. Rats in group A were administered distilled water throughout the experimental period. They served as a control group, while rats induced into sexual dysfunction (Groups B-F) by fluoxetine were given water, the reference medication (Tadalafil) and oral doses of the extract (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body weight) once daily for seven days, respectively. When administered to sexually active rats, fluoxetine significantly decreased the frequency of darting, hopping, lordosis, genital grooming, and licking behavior by 57.4%, 42.5%, 43.9%, 64.0%, and 41.8%, respectively. However, the latency of darting, hopping and lordosis were significantly increased by 50.6%, 47.7%, and 54.9%, respectively. Hybanthus enneaspermus aqueous extract administered at 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg significantly reversed fluoxetine-mediated changes in all sexual behavior parameters. The extract's ability to reverse the characteristics of sexual behavior at 1000 mg/kg was comparable to those of tadalafil-treated rats. Additionally, all the extract dosages reversed the levels of blood luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, progesterone, prolactin and estrogen after it has significantly been altered by fluoxetine. The results indicated that the aqueous extract of Hybanthus enneaspermus improved the proceptive, receptive and orientational behavior of rats. The extract also enhanced reproductive hormone concentration by restoring sexual competence in sexually-impaired female rats. The findings of this study provide further evidence in favor of Hybanthus enneaspermus widespread usage in the management of female sexual dysfunction.
Keywords
References
- Kotta S, Ansari SH, Ali J (2013) Exploring scientifically proven herbal aphrodisiacs. Pharmacognosy Reviews. 7 (13): 1-10. doi: 10.4103/0973-7847.112832
- Prasad G P, Swathi P, Bharathi K, Babu G, Srikanth N, Dhiman KS (2017) Strīvilāsa–an ayurvedic manuscript on cosmetic procedures of females, aphrodisiacs, diseases and medicines. Indian Journal of History of Science. 52 (3): 275-286. doi: 10.16943/ijhs/2017/v52i3/49158
- Du Q, Chan LY, Gilding EK, Henriques ST, Condon ND, Ravipati AS, Craik DJ (2020) Discovery and mechanistic studies of cytotoxic cyclotides from the medicinal herb Hybanthus enneaspermus. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 295 (32): 10911-10925. doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA120.012627
- Murugan M, Kamaraj M (2018) In vitro propagation and conservation of useful ethnomedicinal plant of Hybanthus enneaspermus (Linn.) F. Muell. belonging to the violaceae family. International Journal of Current Research in Life Sciences. 7 (7): 2493-2499. doi: Nil.
- Hemalatha S, Wahi AK, Singh PN, Chansouria JP (2003) Anticonvulsant and free radical scavenging activity of Hybanthus enneaspermus: A preliminary screening. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge. 2: 383-388. doi: Nill
- Setty MM, Narayanaswamy VB, Sreenivasan KK (2007) Free radical scavenging and nephroprotective activity of Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F. Muell. Pharmacologyonline. 2: 158-171. doi: Nil.
- Tripathy S, Sahoo SP, Pradhan D, Sahoo S, Satapathy DK (2009) Evaluation of anti-arthritic potential of Hybanthus enneaspermus. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 3 (12): 611-614. doi: 10.5897/AJPP.9000142
- Suman TY, Rajasree SR, Jayaseelan C, Mary RR, Gayathri S, Aranganathan L, Remya RR (2016) GC-MS analysis of bioactive components and biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Hybanthus enneaspermus at room temperature evaluation of their stability and its larvicidal activity. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 23: 2705-2714. doi 10.1007/s11356-015-5468-5
- Vuda MD, Souza R, Upadhya S, Kumar V, Rao N, Kumar V, Boillat C, Mungli P (2012) Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of aqueous extract of Hybanthus enneaspermus against CCl4-induced liver injury in rats. Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology. 64: 855-859. doi: 10.1016j.etp.2011.03006
- Narayanswamy VB, Setty MM, Malini S, Shirwaikar A (2007) Preliminary aphrodisiac activity of Hybanthus enneaspermus in rats. Pharmacologyonline. 1: 152-161. doi: Nil.
- Anand T, Gokulakrishnan K (2012) Phytochemical analysis of Hybanthus enneaspermus using UV, FTIR and GC-MS. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy. 2 (3): 520-524. doi: 10.9790/3013-0230520524
- Morehouse R, MacQueen G, Kennedy SH (2011) Barriers to achieving treatment goals: a focus on sleep disturbance and sexual dysfunction. Journal of Affective Disorders. 132 (1): 14-20. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2011.03.047
- Briken P, Matthiesen S, Pietras L, Wiessner C, Klein V, Reed GM, Dekker A (2020) Estimating the Prevalence of Sexual Dysfunction Using the New ICD-11 Guidelines: Results of the First Representative, Population-Based German Health and Sexuality Survey (GeSiD). Deutsches Ärzteblatt International. 117 (39): 653-675. doi: 10.3238/ arztebl.2020.0653
- Abubaker AR, Haque M (2020) Preparation of medicinal plants: Basic extraction and fractionation procedures for experimental purpose. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences. 12 (1): 1-10. doi: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_175_19
- Baviya SC, Radha R, Jayshree (2015) A review on Hybanthus enneaspermus. Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 7 (4): 245-249. doi: 10.5958/0975-4385.2015.00038.2
- Harborne J B (1973) Phenolic compounds. Phytochemical methods. 3 (2): 33-88. e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-5921-7. doi: 10.1007/978-94-009-5921-7
- Edeoga HO, Okwu DE, Mbaebie BO (2005) Phytochemical constituents of some Nigerian medicinal plants. African Journal of Biotechnology. 4 (7): 685-688. doi: 10.5897/AJB2005.000-3127
- Rangari VD (2009) Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. Part II, First Edition. 274-275. ISBN: 8188739650.
- Trease GE, Evans WC (1989) Pharmacognosy. BrailliarTiridel Can. Acmillian Publishers. 13: 28-32. doi: Nil.
- Sofowora A (1993) Medicinal plants and traditional medicine in Africa. Spectrum Books Limited. 289 (2): 134-156. ISBN: 9782462195.
- Ragazzi E, Veronese G (1973) Quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds after thin-layer chromatographic separation. Journal of Chromatography. 77 (2): 369-375. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9673(00)92204-0
- Adeniyi SA, Orjiekwe CL, Ehiagbonane JE (2009) Determination of alkaloid and oxalates in some selected food samples in Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology. 8 (1): 110-112. doi: Nil.
- Makkar HPS, Blummel M, Borowy NK, Becker K (1993) Gravimetric determination of tannins and their correlations with chemical and protein precipitation methods. Journal of the Science of Food Agriculture. 61 (2): 161-165. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.2740610205
- Boham BA, Kocipai AC (1974) Flavonoids and condensed tannins from leaves of Hawaiian Vaccinium vaticulatum and V. calycinium. Pacific Science. 48 (4): 458-463. doi: Nil.
- Luo XL, Shao Q, Qu HB, Cheng YY (2007) Simple method for determination of five terpenoids from different parts of Tripterygium wilfordii and its preparations by HPLC coupled with evaporative light scattering detection. Journal of Separation Science. 30 (9): 1284-1291. doi: 10.1002/jssc.200600450
- Gao Y, Xu H, Lu Z, Xu Z (2009) Quantitative determination of steroids in the fruiting bodies and submerged-cultured mycelia of Inonotus obliquus. Chinese Journal of Chromatography. 27 (6): 745-749. PMID: 20352924.
- El-Olemy MM, Al-Muhtadi FJ, Afifi AA (1994) Experimental phytochemistry.: A laboratory manual. Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saudi University, Press Riyadh. Saudi Arabia. ISBN: 9960050513.
- Sarkar J, Hiegel C, Ginis GE, Hilbun E, Uphouse L (2008) Subchronic treatment with fluoxetine attenuates effects of acute fluoxetine on female rat sexual behavior. Brain Research. 1190: 56-64. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007. 11.033
- Sarkar J, Hiegel C, Ginis GE, Hilbun E, Uphouse L (2008) Subchronic treatment with fluoxetine attenuate effects of acute fluoxetine on female rat sexual behavior. Brain Research. 1190: 56-64. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.11.033
- Nurudeen QO, Yakubu MT (2016) Aqueous extract of Phyllanthus amarus leaves restores sexual competence in female rats induced into sexual dysfunction by fluoxetine. Nigerian Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 31 (1): 1-14. doi: 10.4314/njbmb.v31i1&2.127
- Gajbhiye SV, Jadhav KS, Marathe PA, Pawar DB (2015) Animal models of erectile dysfunction. Indian Journal of Urology. 31(1): 15-21.doi: 10.4103/0970-1591.128496
- Yakubu MT, Oladiji AT, Akanji MA (2009). Mode of cellular toxicity of aqueous extract of Fadogia agrestis (Schweinf. Ex Hiern) stem in male rat liver and kidney. Human and Experimental Toxicology. 28 (8): 469-478. doi: 10.1177/0960327109106973
- Chauhan NS, Sharma V, Dixit VK, Thakur M (2014) A review on plants used for improvement of sexual performance and virility. BioMed Research International. 2014, 1-20. doi: 10.1155/2014/868062
- Demain AL, Fang A (2000) The natural functions of secondary metabolites. Advances in Biochemical and Engineering/Biotechnology. 1: 69: 1-39. doi: 10.1007/3-540-44964-7_1
- Kuete V (2014) Health effects of alkaloids from African medicinal plants. In Toxicological survey of African Medicinal Plants. 611-633. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-800018-2.00021-2
- Manzoor F, Nisa MU, Hussain HA, Ahmad N, Umbreen H (2020) Effect of different levels of hydrolysable tannin intake on the reproductive hormones and serum biochemical indices in healthy female rats. Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 1-8. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-77672-0
- Banjarnahor SD, Artanti N (2014) Antioxidant properties of flavonoids. Medical Journal of Indonesia. 23 (4): 239-44. doi: 10.13181/mji.v23i4.1015
- Mykoniatis I, Grammatikopoulou MG, Bouras E, Karampasi E, Tsionga A, Kogias A, Chourdakis M (2018) Sexual dysfunction among young men: overview of dietary components associated with erectile dysfunction. The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 15 (2): 176-182. doi: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2017.12.008
- Kiyama R (2017) Estrogenic terpenes and terpenoids: Pathways, functions and applications. European Journal of Pharmacology. 815: 405-415. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.09.049
- Oboh G, Adebayo AA, Ademosun AO (2018) Phenolic-rich extracts of Eurycoma longifolia and Cylicodiscus gabunensis inhibit enzymes responsible for the development of erectile dysfunction and are antioxidants. Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology. 29 (6): 689-696. doi: 10.1515/jbcpp-2017-0160
- Basile L, Condorelli RA, Calogero AE, Cannarella R, Barbagallo F, Crafa A, La Vignera S (2023) Red wine and sexual function in men: an original point of view. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 12 (12): 3883-3894. doi: 10.3390/ jcm12123883
- Chen L, Shi GR, Huang DD, Li Y, Ma CC, Shi M, Shi G (2019) Male sexual dysfunction: A review of literature on its pathological mechanisms, potential risk factors, and herbal drug intervention. Biomedicine Pharmacotherapy. 112: 1-13. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.01.046
- Wu G (2009) Amino acids: metabolism, functions, and nutrition. Amino acids. 37: 1-17. doi: 10.1007/s00726-009-0269-0
- Dording CM, Sangermano L (2018) Female sexual dysfunction: Natural and complementary treatments. Focus, 16 (1): 19-23. doi: 10.1176/appi.focus.20170049
- Cieri-Hutcherson NE, Jaenecke A, Bahia A, Lucas D, Oluloro A, Stimmel L, Hutcherson TC (2021) Systematic review of L-arginine for the treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder and related conditions in women. Pharmacy. 9 (2): 71-90. doi: 10.3390/pharmacy9020071
- So S, Yamaguchi W, Murabayashi N, Miyano N, Tawara F, Kanayama N (2020) Beneficial effect of l-arginine in women using assisted reproductive technologies: a small-scale randomized controlled trial. Nutrition Research. 82: 67-73. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.08.008
- Pavlova NN, Hui S, Ghergurovich JM, Fan J, Intlekofer AM, White RM, Zhang J (2018) As extracellular glutamine levels decline, asparagine becomes an essential amino acid. Cell metabolism. 27 (2): 428-438. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet. 2017.12.006
- Kim K, Wactawski-Wende J, Michels KA, Schliep KC, Plowden TC, Chaljub EN, Mumford SL (2018) Dietary minerals, reproductive hormone levels and sporadic anovulation: associations in healthy women with regular menstrual cycles. British Journal of Nutrition. 120 (1): 81-89. doi: 10.1017/S0007114518000818
- Berchtold MW, Brinkmeier H, Muntener M (2000) Calcium ion in skeletal muscle: its crucial role for muscle function, plasticity, and disease. Physiological reviews. 80 (3): 1215-1265. doi: 10.1152/physrev.2000.80.3.1215
- Bazine HA, Shlaka MA, Sherif FM (2023) A neuropharmacological profile of lycium schweinfurthii (solanaceae) methanolic extract in mice. Mediterranean Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 3 (1): 72-49. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.77713664
- Sommi RW, Crismon ML, Bowden CL (1987) Fluoxetine: a serotonin‐specific, second‐generation antidepressant. Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy. 7 (1): 1-14. doi: 10.1002/j.1875-9114.1987.tb03496.x
- Jing E, Straw-Wilson K (2016) Sexual dysfunction in selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and potential solutions: A narrative literature review. Mental Health Clinician. 6 (4): 191-196. doi: 10.9740/mhc.2016.07.191
- Esquivel-Franco DC, De Boer SF, Waldinger M, Olivier B, Olivier JD (2020) Pharmacological studies on the role of 5-HT1A receptors in male sexual behavior of wildtype and serotonin transporter knockout rats. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience. 14: 40-55. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00040
- Baldwin DS, Palazzo MC, Masdrakis VG (2013) Reduced treatment-emergent sexual dysfunction as a potential target in the development of new antidepressants. Depression Research and Treatment. 1-8. doi: 10.1155/2013/ 256841
- Faccio L, Da Silva AS, Tonin AA, França RT, Gressler LT, Copetti MM, Monteiro SG (2013) Serum levels of LH, FSH, estradiol and progesterone in female rats experimentally infected by Trypanosomaevansi. Experimental Parasitology. 135 (1): 110-115. doi: 10.1016/j.exppara.2013.06.008
- Tesarik J, Conde-López, C, Galán-Lázaro M, Mendoza-Tesarik R (2020) Luteal phase in assisted reproductive technology. Frontiers in Reproductive Health. 2: 595183-595191. doi: 10.3389/frph.2020.595183
Submitted date:
11/20/2023
Reviewed date:
12/04/2023
Accepted date:
12/08/2023
Publication date:
12/07/2023