Anti-inflammatory potential of medicinal plants
Muhammad Akhlaq, Muhammad Khaleeq Alum, Muhammad Mehboob Alam
Abstract
Inflammation is said to be a healthy component of the body's immune system's reaction. Inflammation is characterised by four key symptoms: pain, redness, heat or warmth and swelling. As secondary metabolites, plants may produce a wide range of phytochemical compounds, which possess anti-inflammatory characteristics. Herbal remedies are important therapies for a wide range of ailments all over the world. There are around 7,500 species of medicinal plants, including representatives from over 17,000 flowering plant species. Even though synthetic chemistry has developed its expectations, the use of natural ingredients in the manufacture of drugs used in contemporary medicine is unparalleled. By interfering with the biology of inflammation, anti-inflammatory medications may assist to minimising tissue damage and increase patient comfort. Because of the bulky figure of species reachable for study, the effective development of novel naturally taking place anti-inflammatory drugs is mostly dependent on a multidisciplinary approach to discovering new chemicals. Despite the statistic that many review papers have been produced in this field, the conventional of them simply examined the issue from an area perspective. Several non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been shown to reduce inflammation and pain by decreasing the isoform of the cyclooxygenase enzyme's digestion of arachidonic acid, hence lowering prostaglandin production. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have a host of harmful effects. There are, however, medicinal herbs with anti-inflammatory pharmacological properties that have few or no negative effects.
Keywords
References
- Chen L, Deng H, Cui H, Fang J, Zuo Z, Deng J, Li Y, Wang X, Zhao L (2018) Inflammatory responses and inflammation-associated diseases in organs. Oncotarget. 9 (6): 7204-7218. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.23208
- Campos JF, Dos santos UP, Macorini LFB, de Malo AMA, Balestieri JBP, Paredes-Gamero EJ, Cardoso CA, Souza KP, dos Santos EL (2014) Antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of propolis from Melipona orbignyi (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Food and Chemical Toxicology. 65: 374-380. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.01.008
- Pilotto A, Sancarlo D, Addante F, Scarcelli C, Franceschi M (2010) Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use in the elderly. Surgical Oncology. 19 (3): 167-172. doi: 10.1016/j.suronc.2009.11.014
- Richard SW, Marius L, Noya S, Pierre GI, Germaine NOO (2011) Anti-Inflammatory, analgesic and anti-pyretic effects of Lepidagathis Anobrya Nees (Acanthaceae). African Journal of traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines. 8 (4): 420-424. doi: 10.4314/ajtcam.v8i4.12
- Virshette SJ, Patil MK, Somkuwar AP (2019) A review on medicinal plants used as anti-inflammatory agents. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 8 (4): 1641-1646. doi: Nil.
- Pereira‐Leite C, Nunes C, Jamal SK, Cuccovia IM, Reis S (2017) Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory therapy: A journey toward safety. Medicinal Research Reviews. 37 (4): 802-859. doi: 10.1002/med.21424
- Sostres C, Lanas A (2016) Appropriate prescription, adherence and safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Medicina Clínica. 146 (6): 267-272. doi: 10.1016/j.medcli.2015.09.022
- Patel DP, Schenk JM, Darke A, Myers JB, Brant WO, Hotaling JM (2016) Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use not associated with erectile dysfunction risk: results from the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial. Britsih Journal of Urology International. 117 (3): 500-506. doi: 10.1111/bju.13264
- Huerta C, Castellsague J, Varas-Lorenzo C, Rodríguez LAG (2005) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of ARF in the general population. American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 45 (3): 531-539. doi: 10.1053/ j.ajkd.2004.12.005
- Shih SC, Chang CW (2007) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-related gastrointestinal bleeding in the elderly. International Journal of Gerontology. 1 (1): 40-45. doi: 10.1016/S1873-9598(08)70022-X
- Goel B, Sahu B, Jain SK (2020) Plant-derived drug discovery: introduction to recent approaches. in: Botanical leads for drug discovery. Springer, Singapore. 1-27. doi: 10.1007/978-981-15-5917-4_1
- Newman DJ, Cragg GM (2020) Natural products as sources of new drugs over the nearly four decades from 01/1981 to 09/2019. Journal of Natural Product. 83 (3): 770-803. doi: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b01285
- Verma S (2016) Medicinal plants with anti-inflammatory activity. The Journal of Phytopharmacology. 5 (4): 157-159. doi: 10.31254/phyto.2016.5407
- Panda SK, Thatoi HN, Dutta SK (2009) Antibacterial activity and phytochemical screening of leaf and bark extracts of Vitex negundo l. from similipal biosphere reserve, Orissa. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 3 (4): 294-300. Corpus ID: 86270545.
- Toiu A, Toiu, Andrei Mocan A, Vlase L, Pârvu AE, Vodnar DC, Gheldiu MA, Moldovan C, Oniga1 I (2018) Phytochemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of traditionally used Romanian Ajuga laxmannii (Murray) Benth. (‘Nobleman’s Beard’–Barba Împăratului). Frontiers in Pharmacology (9): 7. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00007
- Arreola R, Quintero-Fabián S, López-Roa RI, Flores-Gutiérrez EO, Reyes-Grajeda JP, Carrera-Quintanar L, Ortuño-Sahagún D (2015) Immunomodulation and anti-inflammatory effects of garlic compounds. Journal of Immunology Research. 2015: 401630. doi: 10.1155/2015/401630
- Devaraj A, Karpagam T (2011) Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity and analgesic effect of Aloe vera leaf extract in rats. International Research Journal of Pharmacy. 2 (3): 103-110. Corpus ID: 26243902.
- Benni JM, Jayanthi MK, Suresha RN (2011) Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of Aegle marmelos (Bilwa) root. Indian Journal of Pharmacology. 43 (4): 393. doi: 10.4103/0253-7613.83108
- Awakan OJ, Malomo SO, Adejare AA Igunnu A, Atolani O, Adebayo AH, Owoyele BV (2018) Anti-inflammatory and bronchodilatory constituents of leaf extracts of Anacardium occidentale L. in animal models. Journal of Integrative Medicine. 16 (1): 62-70. doi: 10.1016/j.joim.2017.12.009
- Ilavarasan R, Malika M, Venkataraman S (2005) Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Cassia fistula Linn bark extracts. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicnes. 2 (1): 70-85. doi: 10.4314/AJTCAM.V2I1.31105
- Galasso S, Pacifico S, Kretschmer N, Pan SP, Marciano S, Piccolella, Monaco P, Bauer R (2014) Influence of seasonal variation on Thymus longicaulis C. Presl chemical composition and its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Phytochemistry. 107: 80-90. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.08.015
- Sreejith G, Latha PG, Shine VJ, Anuja GI, Suja SR, Sini S, Shyama S, Pradeep S, Shikha P, Rajasekharan S (2010) Anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory and anti-lipidperoxidant effects of Cassia occidentalis Linn. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. 48 (5): 494-498. PMID: 20795367.
- Maurya Ak, Mohanty S, Pal A, Chanotiya CS, Bawankule DU (2018) The essential oil from Citrus limetta Risso peels alleviates skin inflammation: In-vitro and in-vivo study. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 212: 86-94. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.10.018
- De Nunzio C, Salonia A, Gacci M, Ficarra V (2020) Inflammation is a target of medical treatment for lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia. World Journal of Urology. 38 (11): 2771-2779. doi: 10.1007/s00345-020-03106-1
- Sami A, Usama M, Saeed MM, Akram M (2021) Medicinal plants with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory-like activity. Mediterranean Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 1 (3): 25-32. doi: 10.5281/zenodo. 5534605
- Reuter J, Huyke C, Casatti F, Theek C, Frank U, Augustin M, Schempp C (2008) Anti‐inflammatory potential of a lipolotion containing coriander oil in the ultraviolet erythema test. Jouranl der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft. 6 (10): 847-851. doi: 10.1111/j.1610-0387.2008.06704.x
- Garg VK, Paliwal SK (2011) Anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extract of Cynodon dactylon. International Journal of Pharmacology. 7 (3): 370-375. doi: 10.3923/ijp.2011.370.375
- Bandgar BP, Patil SA, Korbad BL, Biradar SC, Nile SN, Khobragade CN (2010) Synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel series of 2, 2-bisaminomethylated aurone analogues as anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial agents. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 45 (7): 3223-3227. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech. 2010.03.045
- Feng Y, Yu YH, Wang ST, Ren J, Camer D, Hua YZ, Zhang Q, Haung J, Haung XF, Liu L (2016) Chlorogenic acid protects D-galactose-induced liver and kidney injury via antioxidation and anti-inflammation effects in mice. Pharmaceutical Biology. 54 (6): 1027-1034. doi: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1093510
- Yin S, Yang HF, Tao Y, Wei S, Li LH, Liu M, Li JG (2020) Artesunate ameliorates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis by protecting intestinal barrier and inhibiting inflammatory response. Inflammation. 43 (2): 765-776. doi: 10.1007/s10753-019-01164-1
- Noh HJ, Hwang D, Lee ES, Hyun JW, Yi PH, Kim GS, Lee SE, Pang C, Park YJ, Chung KH, Kim GD, Kim KH (2015) Anti-inflammatory activity of a new cyclic peptide, citrusin XI, isolated from the fruits of Citrus unshiu. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 163: 106-112. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.01.024
- Kaur R, Kaur H, Dhindsa AS (2013) Glycyrrhiza glabra: A phytopharmacological review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research. 4 (7): 2470-2477. doi: 10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.4(7).2470-77
- Pongprayoon U, Baeckström P, Jacobsson U, Lindström M, Bohlin L (1991) Compounds inhibiting prosta-glandin synthesis isolated from Ipomoea pes-caprae. Planta Medica. 57 (6): 515-518. doi: 10.1055/s-2006 -960196
- Asmawi MZ, Kankaanranta H, Moilanen E, Vapaatalo H (1993) Anti-inflammatory activities of Emblica officinalis Gaertn leaf extracts. The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 45 (6): 581-584. doi: 10.1111/j. 2042-7158.1993.tb05605.x
- Sengar N, Joshi A, Prasad SK, Hemalatha S (2015) Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-pyretic activities of standardized root extract of Jasminum sambac. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 160: 140-148. doi: 10.1016/ j.jep.2014.11.039
- Azab A, Nassar A, Azab AN (2016) Anti-inflammatory activity of natural products. Molecules. 21 (10): 1321. doi: 10.3390/molecules21101321
- Alemu A, Tamiru W, Nedi T, Shibeshi W (2018) Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of 80% methanol extract of Leonotis ocymifolia (burm. F.) iwarsson leaves in rodent models. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2018, ID 1614739. doi: 10.1155/2018/1614793
- Miguel MG (2010) Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of essential oils: A short review. Molecules. 15 (12): 9252-9287. doi: 10.3390/molecules15129252
- Hossen MJ, Baek KS, Kim E, Yang WS, Jeong D, Kim JH, Kweon DH, Yoon DH, Kim TW, Kim JH, Cho JY (2015) In vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of Persicaria chinensis methanolic extract targeting Src/Syk/NF-κB. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 159: 9-16. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.10.064
- Fezai M, Senovilla L, Jemaà M, Ben-Attia M (2013) Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of extra virgin olive oil. Journal of Lipids. 2013: 129736. doi: 10.1155/2013/129736
- Kim SH, Park JG, Lee J, Yang WS, Park GW, Kim HG, Yi YS, Baek KS, Hossen MJ, Lee MN, Kim JH, Cho JY (2015) The dietary flavonoid Kaempferol mediates anti-inflammatory responses via the Src, Syk, IRAK1, IRAK4 molecular targets. Mediators of Inflammation. 2015: 904142. doi: 10.1155/2015/904142
- Heendeniya S, Ratnasooriya WD, Pathirana RN (2018) In vitro investigation of anti-inflammatory activity and evaluation of phytochemical profile of Syzygium caryophyllatum. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 7 (1): 1759-1763. Corpus ID: 54605689.
- Praveena R, Amarnath S, Jegadeesan M (2001) Anti inflammatory activity of Tephrosia purpurea root. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research. 3 (4): 93-94. Corpus ID: 86353287.
- Sharopov F, Braun MS, Gulmurodov I, Khalifaev D, Isupov S, Wink M (2015) Antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of essential oils of selected aromatic plants from Tajikistan. Foods. 4 (4): 645-653. doi: 10.3390/foods4040645
- Im K, Lee JY, Byeon H, Hwang KW, Kang W, Whang WK, Min H (2016) In vitro antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanol extract of eggplant (Solanum melongena) stalks in macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Food and Agricultural Immunology. 27 (6): 758-771. doi: 10.1080/09540105.2016.1150427
- Shimoda H, Shan SJ, tanaka J, Seki A, Seo JW, Kasajima N, Tamura S, Ke Y, Murakami N (2010) Anti-inflammatory properties of red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubra) extract and suppression of nitric oxide production by its constituents. Journal of Medicinal Food. 13 (1): 156-162. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2009.1084
- Franzotti EM, Santos CVF, Rodrigues H, Mourao RHV, Andrade MR, Antoniolli AR (2000) Anti-inflammatory, analgesic activity and acute toxicity of Sida cordifolia L. (Malva-branca). Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 72 (1-2): 273-277. doi: 10.1016/s0378-8741(00)00205-1
- Silva RL, de Malo GB, de Malo VA, Antoniolli AR, Michellone PRT, Zucoloto S, Picinato MANC, Franco CFF, Mota GA, Silva OC (2006) Effect of the aqueous extract of Sida cordifolia on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. Acta Cirurgica Brasileria. 21 (1): 37-39. doi: 10.1590/s0102-86502006000700009
Submitted date:
02/15/2022
Reviewed date:
03/10/2022
Accepted date:
05/15/2022
Publication date:
07/23/2024